Improvement in dyeing yarn



UNITED STATES PATENT QFErQE,

ALFRED PARAF, or MULHOUSE, FRANCE, (AT PRESENT RESIDING 1N MANoEEsTEn,ENGLAND.)

IMPROVEMENT IN DYEING YARN, 86C.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 52,942, dated February27, 1866.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALFRED PARAF, of Mulhouse, in the Empire of France,at present telnporarily residing at Manchester, England, manufacturingchemist, have invented or discovered certain Improvements in Printingand Dyeing Textile Fabrics and Yarns; and I do hereby declare that thefollowing is a full and exact description thereof, and of the Way inwhich my improvements are to be carried into practical-effect,

Ohloric acid has hitherto only been used in dycin g and printing in thestate of chlorate of potash, which was mixed with colors or thedyeing-bath to oxidize, and also for preparing cloth to be printed withsalt of protoxide of iron or tin.

When chlorate of potash is used for preparing textile fabrics or mixedwith coloring-matter or dyeing-bath it crystallizes very easily inconsequence of its extreme insolubility, the consequence being that, theoutsides only of the crystals being in contact with the substances to beoxidized, these substances are liable to oxidize too much round aboutthose crystals and not enough at a certain distance from the crystals,which causes great inconvenieuce.

I obviate this in the following manner: Instead of using chloric acidcombined with potash, I combine it with other bases which form saltsmore soluble or less liable to crystallizesuch, for instance, as soda,oxide of lead, barytes, strontian lime, and similar salts.

As the chloric acid of the chlorate ought to be set free to enable it tooxidize, it will be easily perceived that I can raise the base of thechlorate of baryta, lead, strontian, or lime more easily than chlorateof potash, which does not give as they do sulphates or other saltsnearly insoluble.

I have already applied a reaction of the potash to facilitate thedecomposition of the chlorate of potash, and thus dispense with a greatpart of its defects. For that purpose, instead of decomposing by theusual acids-as oxalic, tartaric, nitric, and similar acids-I decomposeby hydrofluosilicic acid, which gives me a salt of potash nearinsoluble, sets the chloric acid free, and consequently acts morecompletely and naturally prevents the making of crystals.

In consequence of the greater solubility of the chlorate and morecomplete setting at liberty of the chloric acid, I can put a largerquantity in contact with the substances to be oxidized. I obtain morecomplete oxidation for steam colors, such as catcchu brown, the anilineblack, and similar colors, which are produced more advantageously.

I can add to a color containing chlorate of potash or other bases one ormore chlorates of different solubility to chlorate of potash. The resultwill always be better than with chlorate of potash alone, and thisadvantage Will make part of my present improvements. In fact, whateverplan shall be employed in prlnting or dyeing, the chlorates more solubleor less liable to crystallize than potash will always form a leadingpart of my invention. It will be the same thing if hydrofluosilicic acidis used to decompose the chlorate of potash.

When I impregnate the fiber or fabriewith a chlorate and put the saidgoods to be printed or dyed in contact with the coloring-matter whichcontains the necessary substance to decompose the chlorate, asliydrotluosilicic acid if it be chlorate of pot-ash or barytcs,sulphuric and similar acids; if it is chlorate of lime, barytes,strontian, or lead-in a word, an acid or acid-salt or other saltor bodywhich will decompose the chlorate. I can press the oxidizing action ofthe chlorate by adding to the coloring-matter a salt of iron.

I also find that the chloritcs and hypochlorites oxidize still morequickly and more completely than the chlorates, and I reserve to myselfthe use of the chloritcs and hypochorites.

As by the decomposition of the chlorate it forms some chlorhydric acid,which, in some instances, does harm by altering the fiber, I take all ora part of the chloric acid, in the state of chlorate of lead, or addsome fluosili cate of lead, whereby all or part of the chlorhydric acidis transformed into harmless chloride of lead.

In some cases, as the acid contained in the color produces chlorhydricacid of the chlorate, that may be the acid used to decompose thechlorate notwithstanding other colors being printed at the same time. Itproduces some white edges and the colors become more pale. This happensespecially in printing an acid color to the chlorate in a design ofseveral colors where some are red, rose, violet, or chocolate to be dyedin madder, or some butts, orange, chrome, and similar colors.

In some cases where the acid contained in the color-either chlorhydricacid produced by decomposition, the chlorate, or the acid used todecompose the chlorate-injures the colors at the same time, I have twomethods of refixing on the fiber the metallic oxide which the acid willhave dissolved: first, by dumping in an alkaline liquid silicate of sodaor potash to a degree of concentration suflicient to precipitate themordant dissolved at 7:} to 30 Twaddell secondly, by exposing the fiberor material after dyeing and before dunging to am nioniacal vapor.

In applying the use of soluble chlorate to aniline black I. have foundthe following process to give very good results: I prepare the textilefabric to be dyed or printed in a solution of chlorate of soda at 10 to12 Twaddcll, dry without washing, and print or pad upon it the followingcolor: two pounds anilineblack liquor, three pounds water, two poundswhite starch, two pounds gum-dragon paste, one pound brown British gum,seven ounces lan'ip-black. ,loil well together and cool down. Age in acold room for one or two days; but if pressed for time the black can beproduced in a few hours by running once or twice through anaging-machine.

The aniline-blaclr liquor I prepare by dissolving one part of crystalsof chloride of aniline in one part of h ydrofiuosilieic acid at 10Twaddell, and add two per cent. of chloride of iron.

This black has over the other aniline blacks the following advantages:First, the color, when made ready for printing, remains undecomposed forany length of time; secondly, acts neither on steel doctors or copperrollers; thirdly, the back cloths can be bleached any time afterprinting; fourthly, the black is produced very easily; fifthly, gives ashade of black unknown till this day; sixthly, does not tender thecloth, at least any more than a com mon madder black; seventhly, doesnot form any white'edge with any color printed near it; eighthly, itadapts itself perfectly to all colors to be dyed in garancine madder oralizarine, chrome, orange, catechu brown, &e.; ninthly, is black beforeprinting, and therefore shows all faults produced by bad rollers ordoctors and allows the imperfect printing to be bleached before theproduction of the iu-. delible color; tenthly, does not turn green byexposure to the air, as is the case with other aniline blacks.

I also use chloric acid or hypoohloric acid combined with aniline or itshomologues for the production of black and gray colors. I decomposesulphate or oxalate of aniline or similar salts with chlorate orhypochlorate of barytes, lead, lime, strontian, soda, so. as to produceby double decomposition chlorate or hypochlorate of aniline or itshomologues, which, printed or dyed upon fabrics or yarns, produces fastblack or gray by agin The addition of one or two per cent. of chlorideof iron to the salt of aniline in this case much improves the result.

Suppose all the animal matters do not take well, or even do not takesome colors at all in which the chlorate acts an important part andwhich take well upon a vegetable matter, but not on such substances aswool or silk, the addition even of copper to the color or in thedyeing-bath, inthis case, will be of no use, as the black will not begood. I surmount this difiiculty as follows: I combine with the animalmatter some metallic salts, such as copper or others capable ofassisting the decomposition of the chlorate, and then the animalsubstance will take the black which the cotton has already taken.Sometimes the solution of the salt of copper combines with the animalmatter in a cold state, as for light wool or silk; but for heavy wool,as goats wool, I often make it very hot, sometimes to ebullition, with asolution of salt of copper. This operation being completed, I wash toraise the part of the salt of copper not combined with the animalmatter.

If the-animal matter to be printed with the salt of aniline, l dry itafter washing, and then print the same black as I print upon cotton.Drying or not in the dyeing process is immaterial. It is not to anilinealone that this means is applicable for fixing upon animal matter thechlorate preparations which are not easily applied by other means. Thismode of preparing the animal matter constitutes a portion of myinvention, whether any color to which it is to be applied immediately,or the result shall be to give an animal matter proper or more capableof taking a cotton chlorate color; but I may observe that I get quickerresults in combining on the animal matter chloric and chromic acid withthe copper, and I proceed as follows I dissolve one pound of sulphate ofcopper in one gallon of water, then add half a pound of chlorate of sodaand half a pound of bichromate of potash, filter the liquor and preparethe animal fiber in it, wash well, and then dye in anilineblackliquorthat is to say, in one part of the black liquor mixed with two ortwo and a half parts of water. After dyeing, if the shade is not deepenough, I pass again in the chromochlorate-of-eopper preparation, thenagain in the aniline liquor. In this case I give no chlo ride of iron inthe aniline-black liquor.

I may also observe that I consider that the great analogy which existsbetween the sodates, bromates, and the ehlorates will allow nobody theright of substitution of those salts for the chlorate without infringingthe present patent.

l have used in this specification the words fiber and matter. Bf; fiber1 understand all textile substances, such as cotton, linen, wool, goatswool, silk, &e., under any di l-M state that those textile fibers maybe-that is to say, bleached or gray, spun, woven, carded, felted, 850.By matter I understand all matters able to take color, such as wood,paper, skins, 800.

I claim 1. As oxidizing agents in dyeing and printing, the use of theoxygen compounds of chlorine more soluble than those combined withpotash, such as chlorate of soda, chlorate of ammonia, chlorate ot'barytes, chlorate of strontian, chlorate of lead, chlorate of lime,chlorate of magnesia, chlorate of alumina, chlorate of zinc, chlorate ofnickel, chlorate of copper, chlorate of chrome, chlorate of manganese,and chlorate ot potash, when decomposed by hydrofluo silicic acid,either for preparing textile fibers to be printed with steam colors oraniline black, catechu brown, and similar colors, or by mixing them withcolors and dyeing-bath to oxidize, and to the anilineblack color, inorder to hasten the oxidation, I find advantage in adding two and a halfto three per cent. of a salt of protoxide of iron or copper, and printsuch colors upon cloth prepared in one or more of the above-mentionedsoluble chlorates.

2. The use of the chlorites and hypochlorites in the place of thechlorates in dyeing and printing.

3. The preparation of animal fibers in copper salts mixed with chloricand chromic acid salts to enable themto receive aniline blacks or othersimilar colors for dyeing and printing.

Done at Manchester, England, this 29th day of December, 1865.

ALFRED PARAF.

In presence of- EDWARD JOSEPH HUGHES, G. SEr'rnvrUs HUGHES. PatentAgents, 20 Cross Street, llfanehester.

